From Achoo to Ahhh: Reclaiming Spring from Seasonal Allergies

Medically Reviewed by Mariana Hines, DNP

Spring's vibrant return — bright skies, birds' nests and lovely blooms — often brings an unwelcome companion: seasonal allergies. Many people find themselves battling sneezing, coughing and hives, triggered by the pervasive pollen in the air. On top of that, the ongoing viruses of early spring add another layer of concern and confusion, as allergy symptoms can mimic those of viruses, causing anxiety.

To help navigate allergy season, we consulted Mariana Hines, DNP, of WakeMed MyCare 365, who provides insights on differentiating between allergies and viruses, understanding the causes of seasonal allergies and exploring effective treatment options.

What triggers seasonal allergies?

Seasonal allergies arise when the immune system overreacts to harmless substances called allergens. Common culprits include tree and grass pollen, mold and dust mites. The immune system mistakenly identifies these allergens as threats, releasing immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to protect the body. This process triggers the release of histamine from cells, resulting in the characteristic allergy symptoms.

Is there a link between stress and allergies?

Stress can indeed exacerbate allergy symptoms. When stressed, the body releases cortisol releasing hormone (CRH), which prompts mast cells to release histamine. Consequently, managing stress levels can potentially reduce the severity of allergic reactions. Antihistamines like Vistaril can address stress and anxiety by blocking histamine and promoting relaxation.

What are the symptoms of seasonal allergies?

Seasonal allergy symptoms are diverse and can include the following:

• Headache/dizziness
• Stomach cramps
• Watery/itchy/red eyes
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Hives
• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Post-nasal drip
• Runny nose
• Sore/scratchy throat
• Seasonal snoring
• Coughing
• Sneezing

It's important to be aware of potential cross-reactivity. For instance, individuals allergic to pear tree pollen might also experience reactions to certain foods like peaches, plums, apples, carrots, almonds, celery and kiwi, due to their botanical relationship to the birch family.

How can I tell the difference between a cold, a virus and allergies?

Individuals with a history of seasonal allergies are often familiar with their typical symptoms. A key distinction is that viral infections, unlike allergies, frequently cause fever and body aches. Furthermore, viral infections typically last for about a week, whereas allergy symptoms persist as long as the allergen is present.

Can I avoid airborne allergens?

While complete avoidance is challenging, you can minimize exposure by avoiding activities such as mowing the lawn or jogging during peak pollen times. Wearing a mask can also help filter out some allergens. For food allergies, strict avoidance is crucial to prevent severe reactions like anaphylaxis, which necessitates carrying an epinephrine pen at all times.

What medications and natural remedies are helpful?

Over-the-counter medications: 

H1 blocker antihistamines (Benadryl, Zyrtec, Claritin) can provide symptom relief. Nasal medications like Flonase are also effective when used correctly. H2 blockers (Pepcid) can complement H1 blockers by reducing stomach acid and further controlling allergic reactions.

Natural remedies: 

High-dose Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant, supporting the immune system and reducing allergic reactions. Local honey, consumed throughout the year, may help desensitize individuals to local pollens. Probiotics can improve gut health and strengthen the immune system's response to allergens.

Why do allergies sometimes suddenly appear or disappear?

New allergies can develop after approximately three years of exposure to a new environment, as the body may take time to build up antibodies to potential allergens, leading to a reaction in the third season. Allergies that seem to disappear may be due to misdiagnosis, the use of medications or natural remedies that block histamine, or, in rare instances, simply outgrowing them.

When should I see a doctor for seasonal allergies?

If allergies significantly impact your daily life or if you experience anaphylaxis, seek medical attention. Primary care providers can prescribe medications, while allergists can perform skin tests and administer allergy injections (immunotherapy) to gradually desensitize you to specific allergens.

Hines explains, "Seasonal allergies can significantly impact daily life, leading to sleep disturbances, missed work or school, and reduced enjoyment of outdoor activities, hobbies, or sports if not addressed. To effectively manage allergies, it’s important to minimize allergen exposure, maintain clean indoor air, and treat symptoms with methods like sinus rinses or medications such as oral antihistamines, nasal sprays, and oral decongestants. While some individuals choose to simply endure their allergies, repeated exposure to allergens can lead to chronic nasal inflammation. This persistent inflammation increases sensitivity to even small amounts of allergens, resulting in more frequent symptoms despite reduced exposure. Over time, this heightened sensitivity can extend to other irritants such as tobacco smoke, pollution, perfumes, and strong fragrances." 

If you're struggling with allergies, consider scheduling an appointment with your primary care provider or visiting a WakeMed MyCare 365 or Urgent Care location. 

MyCare 365 offers convenient primary and urgent care options, including walk-in visits and video consultations.

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About Mariana Hines, DNP

Mariana Hines is a board-certified nurse practitioner with a passion for patient advocacy and education. She worked as a registered nurse at Mayo Clinic for seven years on both adult medical surgical units as well as pediatric intensive care units prior to earning her doctorate of nursing practice through Winona State University in Winona, IA. As a nurse practitioner, her experiences have been in family medicine as well as adult and pediatric urgent care. With many varied experiences, her clinical interests include acute, primary and preventative care.

Hines places a strong emphasis on provider-patient relationships and values caring for the whole patient, including each individual’s physical, emotional, cultural and spiritual well-being. In providing care, she ensures the needs of her patients come first.

Outside of work, Hines enjoys spending time with her husband, John. Together, they travel the country visiting friends and family. They also love exploring the mountains and beautiful beaches North Carolina. In her personal time, Hines physically challenges her body by attending Orange Theory Fitness and PureBarre classes.